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hispid cotton rat
The hispid cotton rat (''Sigmodon hispidus'') is a rodent species long thought to occur in parts of South America, Central America, and southern North America. However, recent taxonomic revisions, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data, have split this widely distributed species into three separate species (''S. hispidus'', ''S. toltecus'', and ''S. hirsutus''). The southern edge of the ''S. hispidus'' distribution is likely near the Rio Grande, where it meets the northern distribution of ''S. toltecus'' (formerly ''S. h. toltecus'').〔Carroll, D. S., L. L. Peppers, and R. D. Bradley. 2004. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the ''Sigmodon hispidus'' species group. pp. 85–98, in Contribuciones Mastozoologicas en Homenaje a Bernardo Villa (Sanchez-Cordero V. y R. A. Medellin Eds.) Instituto de Biologia e Instituto de Ecologia, UNAM, Mexico.〕 The northern extent of ''S. hispidus'' distribution is to the Platte River in Nebraska and from Arizona to Virginia. Adult size is total length 202-340 mm; tail 87-122 mm, frequently broken or stubbed; hind foot 29-35 mm; ear 16-20 mm; mass 50-250 g.〔 They have been used as laboratory animals.〔
==Taxonomy==
The currently accepted scientific name for the hispid cotton rat is ''Sigmodon hispidus'' Say and Ord. It is a member of the family Cricetidae. 〔(Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology).〕 Although 25 subspecies are accepted, including the type subspecies,〔 the most distinct genetic subdivision within ''S. hispidus'' separates the species into two genetic lineages, an eastern one and a western one, which hybridize along a contact zone.〔
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